Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Votive Figure of Fortuna essays

Votive Figure of Fortuna articles Votive Figure of Fortuna The Goddess of Good Fortune (The Haggin Museum) At the point when I set out to pick a bit of craftsmanship for this task, there were a couple of things I was searching for. I needed a piece that indicated extraordinary detail, style and importance. At the point when I saw the Votive Figure of Fortuna, promptly I saw these things. The figure was really a solid portrayal of its time and time, made in Greece in 100 B.C.- 100 A.D. Made from earthenware mud, the specialists eye for detail in this piece was a great deal more unmistakable than the entirety of different pieces that encompassed it. The conventional components that I will examine that breathes life into this piece are; line, surface, example and equalization. What makes the Votive Figure of Fortuna so fascinating is the multifaceted design it starts for such a little and exceptionally old model. The figure is around 2 wide by 7 high and around 2 profound. This detail is kept up through its contrasty and unexpected line designs with extreme points and line variety. These lines are utilized by the craftsman to enliven the lady's streaming outfit. The entirety of the folds are made, swell by swell through profound cuts in the earthenware dirt. The craftsman made rich surface through his utilization of lines and thick gouges in the mud. Line close to line, one next to the other, hindered by another arrangement of lines at sharp, 90 degree points additionally assists with developing this feeling of incredible surface. The outfit gives off an impression of being very texture like despite the fact that the figure is basically solidified dirt. This is an incredible impact by the craftsman and unquestionably probably the most grounded component. The examples that are made with the itemized lines are additionally critical to the general standpoint of this piece. These lines stream one into the other, making incredible difference and profundity. Shadows nearly are completely evolved with the line designs as a result of the craftsman creation ... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Study Of A Dionysiac Sarcophagus Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper In the Los Angeles County Art Museum A grown-up male kicks the bucket. He winds his way down into the black market to make the Bankss of the waterway Acheron where he meets the ferryman Charon. He takes a coin from his oral pit to pay the cost over. On the contrary bank he is welcomed by a Maenad or potentially Bacchus himself who offers him a cylix of vino. Drinking profound, the grown-up male is changed and restored from perish to a higher plane. On the other hand of populating an enduring dream in the black market he gets salvation from his God Dionysos, the Savior. In Roman majestic occasions at that spot was an extraordinary restoration of the # 8220 ; Mystery # 8221 ; factions of Greece powered by the desire for a real existence after perish. In funerary commemorations there can be seen the doctrines of the confidence each piece great as how it sees the great beyond. Inside the Los Angeles County Art Museum stands such a vas made to facilitate this excursion to imperishable incandescently happy. A blessing from William Randolph Hearst, the piece is a stone coffin from the Severan time of the Roman imperium close to the terminal of the second century itemizing a radiation of Dionysos, the God of vino, and his followings. Such a transmission could be from Dionysos # 8217 ; s messianic excursions or from his triumphal come back from disseminating the vino faction. Initially in the sepulcher of a well-off family in Rome, the stone coffin was in ulterior occasions utilized as a manor proprietor for a bloom bed ( Matz, 3 ) . This # 8220 ; abuse # 8221 ; of the piece clarifies the weakness of the marble which required broadened Restoration in the seventeenth century ( 4 ) . It is tub molded with measurements of 2.1 meters long and 1 meter wide, standing 0.6 meters from the land. The structure is like tubs utilized for stepping grapes which had spouts ornamented with lord of beastss # 8217 ; caputs to vent the vino ( 3 ) . Bing formed like a wine VAT makes the sarcopagi a transforma tive power in its ain right by emblematically transforming the individual interned inside into vino! passing on him closer to the God. Dissimilar to other stone coffins of the period the dorsum of this piece has non been left unhewn, yet then again a strigal type of repeating # 8220 ; S # 8221 ; structures has been cut, suggesting that the piece may hold remained in the focal point of the sepulcher. Not at all like other progressively celebrated and rich Dionysiac stone caskets, for example, the Seasons stone caskets and the Triumph of Dionysos in Baltimore which depict explicit polar occasions in the mythos of Dionysos, this piece gives us then again a somewhat conventional bit of Bacchic life ( Matz, 5 ) . The way and picture of the figures, of class, originate before the Roman imperium ; stone coffins of this sort were mass created in stores dependent on structures and drawings from Grecian craftsmans ( Alexander, 46 ) . Dionysos himself is in the middle keeping his staff, the thyrsos, in his left manus and pouring vino with his privilege while siting a panther, a holy quicken being firmly connected with the God ( Matz, 4 ) . Flanking him are two lord of brutes caputs that speak to Dionysos # 8217 ; s endeavors to escape perish at the guardianships of the colossuss by changing into a ruler of mammoths, among other vivify creatures, which so lead to his expire and resulting me tempsychosis ( Graves, 103-104 ) . To one side of Dionysos is Silenus, his mentor from his adolescence, keeping a vas probably loaded up with vino. The nearness of Silenus strengthens the faction # 8217 ; s faith in imperishable youngster. Following to Silenus is a Maenad, or female raver, playing a woodwind above Pan the caprine creature God of the woodland. Beneath Pan and the correct ruler of monsters caput are two angels, one have oning a cover of Silenus while different backs back in dread ( Matz, 4 ) . On the left of Dionysos are two libertine and another littler picture of Pan keeping a cup of vino. Further left is another Maenad, this one playing a tambourine, who is being trailed by a reprobate. Underneath the left lord of brutes caput there is another angel, or putto, and a juvenile obscene person. Balancing the left side on the terminal is as yet another maenad followed by a reprobate. On the correct terminal there is a libertine, playing the cymbals, following a half uncovered maenad. Finishing the piece, out of sight behind the central figures there are two childs ( an invigorate being Dionysos every now and again changed into ) , another container and a little puma. Through taking a gander at the piece we can obtain some idea of what a gathering of the faction resembles for the followings. The example of the clique was completely casual when contrasted with revere in the sanctuaries of the canonic Gods. Not at all like love of the Gods of the state-supported confidence, Bacchic celebrations removed topographic point from doorss far away from the swarmed metropoliss in the forested areas which harkens back to antediluvian occasions before grown-up male manufactured sanctuaries. At the point when they showed up in the wood, Dionysos gave them herbs, berries, and wild caprine creatures to eat and bounty to guzzle ( Hamilton, 57 ) . Wine of class was ever present at these arrays to respect the vino God. Wine was a sacrosanct portrayal of the God himself ; guzzling vino liberated the amateur from the limitations of natural undertakings to meet up with the God through euphoria which truly deciphered from the first Greek methods ‘outside the body’ ( Mcann, 128 ) . This individualist ic nature of Communion ceaselessly rehearsed gave the dedicated an inclination! of closeness with the God. The veil of Silenus on one of the putti is a gesture to the significance theater played in the religion. The best artists of Greece composed dramatizations respecting Dionysos which were viewed as holy to the faction. The two comedies and catastrophes were performed, mirroring the twofold idea of the God and of vino itself ( Hamilton, 61 ) . Wine can quicken grown-up male to grandiose ventures and joyful skipping, at the same time, it can other than transform him into a brute creature. Like the Egyptian God Osiris, Dionysos endured a savage perish by dismantling. Faction individuals would respect the God by hyper dismantling of bulls and some of the time tragic work powers lease with guardianships and dentitions which were so eaten up, emblematically taking Dionysos inside themselves. This terrible custom, joined by uproarious music and the slamming of cymbals, was proposed to instigate the reveler considerably further into a territory of bliss to achieve a discharge from the natural structure. These customs of ceremony and Communion root from the legends environing Dionysos encapsulating his introduction to the world, life, perish, and metempsychosis of the God through the imperishable recovery of life in the regular universe which give the steadfast a guarantee of an ever-enduring being. Of incredible criticalness to the bookman is the window that stone caskets and other funerary commemorations surrender to the lives each piece great as existences in the wake of death of the practicians of the faction. In the example of the Bacchic faction it is especially of import in that before the Romans turned out to be progressively loosened to the rising predominance of the religions of the second century little is known about their funerary examples because of the shroud of mystery environing the puzzler clique. Truth be told, the cultists were abused by the Roman area confidence before the assurance of the rediscovered factions by the blue class as prove by expanding figure of such stone caskets ( Lehman, 24,26 ) In using such stone caskets joining the representation of their religion and philosophies, the followings of the clique were guaranting themselves authentic security and a confidence appointed from now on. Catalog and Works Cited 1. Alexander, Christine. # 8220 ; A Roman Sarcophagus from Badminton House. # 8221 ; The Metropolitan Museum Bulletin, vol.14 ( October 1955 ) , pp. 39-47. 2. Graves, Robert. The Grecian Myths. Penguin Books, Maryland, ( 1955 ) 3. Greenhalgh, Michael. # 8220 ; Greek A ; Roman Cities of Western Turkey. # 8221 ; rubens.anu.edu.au/turkey/book/toc1.html ( WWW ) , individual. 8 ( 1996 ) 4. Hamilton, Edith. Folklore: Dateless Narratives of Gods And Heroes. New American Library, New York, 1969 5. Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl. Dionysiac Sarcophagi In Baltimore. Organization of Fine Arts, New York University, 1942 6. Matz, Friedrich. # 8220 ; Rediscovered Dionysiac Sarcophagus. # 8221 ; The Los Angeles Museum of Art Bulletin, vol.8, figure 3 ( 1956 ) , pp.3-5. 7. McCann, Anna. # 8220 ; Two Fragments of Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Exemplifying the Indian Triumph of Dionysus. # 8221 ; The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, vol. 36 ( 1977 ) , pp.123-36 8.Thompson, Homer. # 8220 ; Dionysus among the Nymphs in Athens and Rome. # 8221 ; The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, vol. 36 ( 1977 ) , pp. 73-84 34b

Tuesday, August 4, 2020

To Let Go

To Let Go To let go does not mean to stop caring, it means I cant do it for someone else.To let go is not to cut myself off, its the realization that I cant control another.To let go is not to enable, but to allow learning from natural consequences. To let go is to admit powerlessness, which means the outcome is not in my hands.To let go is not to try to change or blame another, its to make the most of myself.To let go is not to care for, but to care about.To let go is not to fix, but to be supportive.To let go is not to judge, but to allow another to be a human being.To let go is not to be in the middle arranging all the outcomes, but to allow others to affect their own destinies.To let go is not to be protective, its to permit another to face reality.To let go is not to criticize, or regulate anyone, but to try to become what I dream I can do.To let go is to fear less, and to love more.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Social Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1532 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category Psychology Essay Topics: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Today I am working as a registered nurse at a specialty hospital for behavioral health clients. I am preparing to meet with a newly admitted client, F.A., whom has been medically diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia is a chronic anxiety disorder marked by fear and excessive self-consciousness in public (Schub March, 2018). I know from reading her chart that F.A. is a 47-year-old Caucasian female client who lives alone at her home in the country. Introduction Delving into F.A.s intake paperwork I find that she has voluntarily admitted herself for therapeutic milieu. She has stated that in the last few years it is increasingly difficult to do things that were once mundane parts of life, such as go to the grocery store. I pull into the parking lot and I look around at all the people and my heart just begins to pound. F.A. is quoted as saying. But what am I supposed to do? I cannot let my poor cats starve because I am afraid to go in public. I always feel that everyone is judging me, and when I go up to the checkout stand I notice that the cashier says hello to the person in front of me and then just rings up my items without greeting me. Takes my money and goes on to the next person in line. I notice she tells them hello, too, but not me. I feel like I am constantly being stared at and judged. I just hurry as fast as I can to get my shopping done and get out of there to get home. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a misin terpretation of the behaviors and actions of other people is a major factor in social anxiety (Social Anxiety Disorder: More Than Just Shyness, n.d.). I read on to see that F.A. began to work nights about a year ago because overnights she is basically alone and has no interaction with people on her shift at an assisted living facility. She has been divorced for 8 years and has two adult daughters that have urged her to seek more in-depth care for this disorder. No history of physical violence or past or present substance abuse issues were disclosed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Anxiety Disorder" essay for you Create order Medications and Interventions. The only recent interventions for this client have been via the pharmacological route. F.A. has been prescribed Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor which she has taken for almost 5 years along with lorazepam, an anti-anxiety medication. Last year her youngest daughter graduated from college. Because of her racing and pounding heart symptoms around large groups of people, her practitioner prescribed atenolol, a beta-blocker, so that she could attend the ceremony. Beta-blockers particularly atenolol and propranolol may be prescribed to complement therapy for social anxiety but must be done so off-label (Brown, 2018). F.A.s eldest daughter, a registered nurse, is expecting her first baby in the next few months. Through a series of meetings at her mothers residence, she convinces her mother to begin inpatient treatment. I read on in her intake information that in the past cognitive behavioral therapy and counseling through a private psychology practice have been un successful. F.A. continues to take venlafaxine and lorazepam, but states they help my symptoms; therefore, it is easier just to stay home. Personal thoughts, cognitive concerns and possible interventions. As I conclude acquainting myself with F.A. by thoroughly scouring her chart, I can empathize with her situation. In a world where social media is prevalent and suggests women should all look and act a certain way it is no wonder that she feels like everyone is judging her. I can also personally attest how women over the age of 25 are almost shunned and discarded as used goods. In my personal opinion there is so much hate and violence today that no individual is safe. Turn on the television or the computer and people are arguing, name calling, shaming each other. This trend is quite disturbing and is one I feel will not be slowing in the future. After meeting personally with F.A., I believe that cognitively she has exhibited impaired judgment. She stated in our meeting that she often would wait until she was completely out of food for a few days before entertaining the thought of a shopping trip. She claims that now her youngest daughter does her grocery shopping for her, so she does not have to leave home. Learning this information, F.A. seems to have tendencies for agoraphobia as well. According to the Mayo Clinic, agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that may be so overwhelming that you may feel unable to leave your own home (Agoraphobia, 2017). As a nurse, collaborating with her provider to advocate for a possible change in medications may be an option for intervention as well as continued outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). According to Harvard University, 12-16 weekly sessions of CBT can help those suffering from social anxiety disorder to change the way they think about and behave in certain situations that terrify them (Treating social anxiety disorder, 2010). Care Plan: Diagnoses and Interventions and Outcomes. I felt in this situation, the priority diagnosis was anxiety related to unconscious conflict about essential values (Ludwig Ackley, 2011 p.187). This is evidenced by the fear and physical symptoms the patient incurs while in public, or quite frankly just by leaving her house. Nursing interventions would be: assessment of clients anxiety level and physical reactions to anxiety (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.187), use empathy to promote F.A.s interpretation of anxiety symptoms as normal, if rational (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.187) and describe any activities that would involve the client using non-medical verbiage utilizing calm and slow speech. Our specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (S.M.A.R.T.) goals/outcomes are that the client will: identify and verbalize symptoms of anxiety (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p. 187) within one week. By the end of week 3 the client will identify, verbalize and demonstrate techniques to control anxiety (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p. 187). Finally, the clien t will demonstrate some ability to reassure herself by date of her discharge in approximately 6 weeks. Second highest priority diagnosis would be chronic low self-esteem related to social anxiety (psychiatric) disorder as evidenced by the clients subjective data that she perceives she is always being negatively judged by others (Ladwig Ackley p.644). Interventions for this diagnosis: actively listen to and respect the client (Ladwig and Ackley p.645). Assess the clients strengths and coping abilities and provide opportunities for their expression and recognition (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.645). Demonstrate and promote effective communication techniques; spend time with the client (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.645). Our S.M.A.R.T. goals are as follows: the client will verbalize increased self-acceptance through positive self-statements (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.645) in one week. The client will identify and work on achievable small goals (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.645) in week 3, and upon discharge client will demonstrate improved ability to interact with others (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.645) Lastly, ineffective coping related to inadequate level of perception of control, as evidenced by the clients inability to cope with being in public or away from home. Interventions: Assist the client to set realistic goals and identify personal skills and knowledge (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.302). Observe for contributing factors for ineffective coping such as lack of support and poor self-concept (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.302) and discuss changes with the client before making them (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.303). S.M.A.R.T. goals/outcomes: client will use effective coping strategies (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.302) within 1 week, report decrease in physical symptoms caused by stress (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.302) by end of week 3, and at discharge client will report increase in psychological comfort (Ladwig Ackley, 2011 p.302). As a staff nurse my intentions are to meet with this client and evaluate progress weekly. If necessary plan of care will be re-designed to meet any new or changing data a ssessed. Resources for the patient and Educational Tool. Evidenced based practice tells us that exercise is good to combat social anxiety and my favorite complimentary therapies to recommend to clients are yoga and tai chi. These two ancient practices are shown by research to reduce blood pressure, stress and anxiety as well as give your energy levels a boost and increase your well-being (Cuncic Gans, 2018). Anything that will get a person moving tends to have an overall positive outcome not just physically, but psychologically as well (Cuncic Gans, 2018). In my research for educational tools, which was dismally unsuccessful, I also came across an article about using smartphone apps to help curb anxiety of all types. This to me is worth mentioning. Insight Timer is a free app for iphone or Android that features over 4,000 guided meditations (Newman, 2017). Others that are highly recommended are Stop, Breathe and Think and Omvana (Newman, 2017). Even your exercise tracking device comes with a breathe setting to promote mindfulness and reduce stress. Stress is everywhere, and in this world, I would only predict an increase. However, with the proper techniques and interventions stress can likely be managed to promote a good quality of life.

Monday, May 11, 2020

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay - 3915 Words

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sudden infant death syndrome, better known as S.I.D.S., is one of the leading causes for the inflated infant mortality rate in this country today. It is often misunderstood or unrecognizable. For the most part, the causes of SIDS are unknown to the general public. This is changing, however, as public awareness is ever increasing. Thus, the purpose of this paper will be to explain sudden infant death syndrome and its known or suggested causes. Also, the history of SIDS, the problems and emotional suffering that results from the loss of a child, the toll it takes on the surviving sibling, and possible counseling or other help that is available for parents who may have lost a child to SIDS are†¦show more content†¦Today where more research in this area is needed, researchers are making strides in combating this disease. But understanding the crucial aspects of SIDS and how to prevent it, are still limited. The leaders in this field are hoping to improve understanding of this disease by providing direction and opportunities for more quality intensified research. According to L. Stanley James, MD, chair of neonatology at Columbian Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City, The government is now having a rejuvenation of SIDS research, and over the next five years, they are going to be putting in thirty to forty million dollars. The direction will be supplied through a five year research plan proposed by a panel of experts from The National Institute of Child and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland (Zylke 1565). In response to a Senate request, there will be representatives from the fields of epidemology, neonatology, cardiorespiratory and sleep research, neuroscience, behavioral medicine, pathology, infectious disease, immunology and metabolism to meet an release a report on current knowledge and research recommendations (Zylke 1565). It was important to this group that people would have a definition of SIDS that would be acceptable to all. The current definition of SIDS, developed in 1969, states SIDS as being the sudden death of any infant or young child which is unexpected by history and in whichShow MoreRelatedEssay Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1594 Words   |  7 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a mysterious phenomena that has managed to confound science so far. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of any infant or young child that is unexpected by history and in which a thorough post mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause (Hunt Brouillette, 1987). It is the leading cause of death in infants in developed countries occurring at a rate of almost 2 per 1000 births. It most often occurs in infants betweenRead MoreEssay Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1401 Words   |  6 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the most frequent cause of death between 1 month and 1 year of age (Naeye). SIDS is defined as the sudden death of any infant or young child that is unexpected by it’s history, and in which a thorough postmortem examination fails to determine an adequate cause (Hunt 1987). It is important to consider both aspects of this definition in order not to ‘overdiagnose’ SIDS. A mistake of this nature would occur with failure to reportRead MoreEssay on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1856 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract Sudden Infant Death Syndrome remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality (under the age of one) in developed countries. The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have been puzzling and research is being conducted to solve this catastrophic problem. Having a child under the age of one makes me very concerned, along with any other parent(s), that the possibility of SIDS could affect any infant at anytime, SIDS does not discriminate. I am seeking to find the possible causes toRead MoreA Study On Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1664 Words   |  7 Pagespaediatrician from Norway and Sweden and the forensic institution of Denmark invited parents of sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) to take part in the study. Sudden infant death syndrome is the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy baby. There were several aims behind the study. The main aim of the study was to overlook whether smoking was a cause of risk for sudden infant death syndrome and whether the consequence is owed to maternal smoking during the pregnancy or to inhalingRead MoreThe Case Of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1820 Words   |  8 Pagesdisability and death.† Thus, high quality evidence needs to be based on the research, which can establish efficacy in one particular population, but also on the effectiveness of the intervention in the specific population. (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). For many public health issues interventions play a crucial role in getting such issues under control. In the case of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Native American populations infants were ranked second highest in SIDS deaths in the U.S. atRead More Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, a leading cause of death in infants under the age of one, has left medical experts unable to clearly define sudden infant death syndrome. After thirty years of research, the medical field has not discovered definite causes for SIDS. Medical experts have suggested many theories that have been studied and debated. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the Western world, SIDS is the most common cause of death for infants between twoRead More Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or crib death is an abrupt and inexplicable death of an apparently healthy infant. Most of the cases involve infants from ages 1-12 months, and the event occurs during the night. Various theories have been postulated from research results but without consistency of the etiology. Since the death is sudden, prior diagnostic criteria or patterns are not available for correlation, although some near-miss infants have beenRead MoreSudden Infant Death Syndrome - Research Paper1872 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Sudden Infant Death Syndrome remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality (under the age of one) in developed countries. The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have been puzzling and research is being conducted to solve this catastrophic problem. Having a child under the age of one makes me very concerned, along with any other parent(s), that the possibility of SIDS could affect any infant at anytime, SIDS does not discriminate. I am seeking to find the possible causesRead MoreEssay on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)802 Words   |  4 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Many questions about the causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as â€Å"crib death,† are still unresolved. The mysterious and elusive nature of SIDS creates problems, doubts, and more questions. This paper will present some of the most commonly asked questions as well as the answers that have been uncovered by scientists after years of research and study. In 1969, researchers agreed to define SIDS as â€Å"the sudden death of an infant or youngRead More Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS and African Americans Essay2616 Words   |  11 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome and African-Americans Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a condition that many people still are trying to figure out why it happens to these babies. This syndrome is described as an unexplained death of an infant younger than one year of age. SIDS is frightening because it can strike without warning and affect a good, healthy infant. Most SIDS deaths occur at night and without warning. SIDS victims may have been down for sleep for as little as ten minutes, they

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Social Media Advertising Free Essays

Internet Advertising: Social Networking First Name Last Name BUS 123 Introduction To Advertising Dr. First name and last name September 26, 2010 Internet Advertising Now more than ever, small businesses can promote themselves online by targeting customers and expanding their networks, often for little or no cost. Businesses can promote themselves through a variety of techniques such as targeting customers by demographics, contributing to online discussions and drawing attention to new services. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advertising in the 21st century has become very versatile because of various online social websites like Facebook and Twitter, along with other blog atmosphere websites like Pinterest and Craigslist. In the last decade, the explosion of technological advances has produced unprecedented events in the history of mankind. One of them is the Internet and its conversion into a new medium for marketing and the use of social communication in advertising. Inevitably, the internet has changed our lives. In  traditional media, newspapers, radio  and television  can cause information overload  and change the perception  of the audience (Janoschka, 2004). The  Internet is not  exempt from this  danger, but  has the potential to  do something different,  because  it can directly reach  the target audience  and interact with it. A function of memory is to forget, especially information that is not significant. The challenge of advertising is to make you remember the ads. The purpose is to sell. The good publicity convinces the viewer to buy the product. This requires creating an attractive brand image and strengthening it with each ad. Advertising employs both verbal and nonverbal elements that are composed to fill specific space and time formats determined by the sponsor. Advertising reaches people through a channel of communication referred to as a medium. Today, technology enables advertising to reach its’ target audience efficiently through the Internet. In the 1990’s, the Internet became a major part of American society and is the fastest growing type of advertising. Its more than just banner ads, it means large format interactive ads, search-engine marketing, creating special promo videos for web download and supporting TV ads with online sites. Communication among people all over the world is effortless, and information on almost any topic is just a few keystrokes away. As a public global platform open to all kinds of information, entertainment, and communication, one of which is online advertising, it has become the latest mass medium. † (Janoschka, 2004). Internet technology allows delivering the right message to the right person at the right time while helping advertisers to reach their audience. From  the moment the   surfer  enters  the web to search for information, pop ups appear allowing the audience to subscribe to  mailing lists that  will send  continuous  news, promotions, articles, etc. , depending on   their preferences. This allows the  seller  to better  reach its target  and maintain  continuous  communication  in the shortest  time possible. .Most online ads do not come to you as an individual, but by your interests in various subjects, your location or, in general, by your behavior during internet navigation. In most countries, it is possible to divide the audience by geographic area based on IP address, which facilitates advertising companies that offer products and services in those areas. Websites use demographic data to learn more their audience. When registering with a portal or website, you normally provide certain personal information such as your age, gender, hobbies, etc. With this information, websites offer relevant content and advertisements based on the information provided. Some companies specialize in a data collection process known as behavioral advertising which matches ads to the interests of users based on their surfing habits. As users browse, advertisers collect data on their online activity: sites visited, time spent on each ad shown, ads that were clicked, when and how often you click on the banners. Today, cookies are tools that allow advertisers to target advertising to specific audiences and segments. Compared  with traditional media  the cost of  internet advertising is  extremely low, and  because of its effectiveness  and its high potential for growth, it is  ideal  for small  and medium businesses that  do not have large  resources to invest  in other media. Then the questions  arise: how  to advertise  online? What is the  correct way  to? There is no  magic formula  that a media planner can you use but here are some suggestions. Due to the internet being global, the network gives the possibility to reach all audiences in the world. With internet advertising one must  include,  email,  search engine  registration, and banners which are  ads with  motion graphics which  are located in different  sites  of the network  as a gateway  input  to a website. Using email as a form of advertisement is easy and free. All that is required is to sign up for email with your internet  service provider  or a  free  mail  server  such as Yahoo  mail or Gmail and send emails to  the potential  customers with  offers  or information  on products. According to Arens, â€Å"Google is the most popular destination on the web reaching an astonishing 40 percent of all Web users each day† (pg 337). Search engines are only responsible for registering portal websites and their content and then delivery the results to the users who made requests for information. The following is an example of how a search engine works. A user uses the search engine  of their choice and  asks to find  companies  that export  tomatoes. The search engine will  send  in response  with a list of websites of companies  that fulfill  the request and  then the user can  enter  the different sites  to see  what they need and select the company that  meets  their requirements. The  banner system  is  one means  of internet advertising  that is more effective: You can choose  the categories  to be displayed and  include descriptive words  to detect  if the user is  looking for that particular product. The  banners  are similar to the  rotating  banner  but  the difference is that  the user can interact  with them. As in any  project,  internet advertising  should begin  by  making  a strategic plan. The result will be  better planning of  a website and  the ability to maintain  the user’s attention  and customer loyalty. The presence of internet advertising will be an excellent complement to traditional media advertising and may end up becoming one of the priorities of advertisers. For now, more and more ads in the media show the direction taken by advertisers along with customer care and other services of interest. User forums, blogs  and  social networking  sites like Facebook and Twitter  are invaluable resources  for monitoring  companies’ reputations  and interests of  consumers of services and  products. Facebook is the largest social network in the world with more than 500 million people connected to each other. Facebook has not surpassed Yahoo! o be the second most popular site on the web behind Google. Facebook’s popularity has increased due to the ability to connect individuals without geographical barriers. The uniqueness of Facebook allows people to meet virtually to discuss and share their interests with each other (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2011). There a re 60 million status updates posted every day in over 65 languages. Facebook’s audience is far superior to any other mass medium like TV channels, radio or press Facebook has revolutionized advertising not only by the size of its audience, but also by the engineering behind its operation. It allows an analytical and intelligent marketing to reach the precise target audience through market segmentation according to gender, age, geographic location, country, city and locality, educational level, likes, interests, product preferences, favorite activities, favorite programs and language. For example, it is now possible to know without extensive market research which countries have the largest number of youth between 18 and 35 years and who love rock music, football and a certain brand of beer. Having a presence in social media is a must have for most brands. Facebook created Pages for businesses to post information about their services or products. When using a search engine, your Facebook Page will be one of the main results of your search. Consumers have tremendous power and influence on a brand and trust recommendations of other consumers they don’t know. According to Barefoot, â€Å"Groups and applications gain popularity one friend of a friend of a friend at a time† (Barefoot, pg 174). The result is friends becoming fans or joining groups encouraging them to purchase a product or service that is being discussed or advertised. Twitter is still a very popular social media networking site, although adoption is declining. Compared to Facebook, Twitter has 50 million tweets created each day and the average Twitter account has an average of 300 followers. Social networking is important to marketers because it gives them the opportunity to show customers that they are listening to what they have to say about a brand or product and respond accordingly. The possibilities are endless. It is common for  organizations to provide direct consumer  messages  daily  on Twitter, maintain  a Facebook page, or depending  on your industry  also  a profile  on MySpace. Social networking has completely changed the way we communicate with each other. Everyone has a voice and an outlet to reach millions of people instantly with either Facebook or Twitter. The internet  is  an advertising medium  with a great future  because it is interactive  can be customized or  delivered to users  according to their  preferences. There is  immediate feedback  and can communicate  directly  with users  to resolve their doubts and  concerns and with  a global reach. The internet  brings  great potential  for use in  the field  of marketing, market research,  direct marketing,  sales promotion, trade mail and, of course,  advertising communication. As a society  we must be prepared  to confront and  take advantage of  the opportunities  this new technology  gives us. References Arens,W. , Schaefer, D. , Weigold, M. (2012). Advertising. McGraw Hill Irwin. New York How to cite Social Media Advertising, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

Introduce Gender Studies Palgrave Macmillan -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Introduce Gender Studies Palgrave Macmillan? Answer: Introduction Women representation in the Parliament is very essential. Women need someone to present their interests. Womens leadership and political participation are usually restricted. Women participation generally ranges from voting procedures to attending rallies and committing an act of terrorism. In a democratic country, women representative plays a significant role (Melanie, 2014). Leadership and Women political participation are the mandatory requirements for general peace and prosperity. What are the challenges faced by women in politics? Women representing in the political system have to face challenges. Women have to get stereotyped due to social and cultural values. A womans marital status is usually questioned when she is in leadership. Maximum number of women enters politics with structural and cultural biases. Women in politics have to take insults and listen to vulgar languages by both the voters and opponents. Corruption creates problem for the women. Corrupted election process and practices within the political parties gives trouble to the women. They also have to face sexual violence during campaigns. What was the situation of politics before women represented? Previously, the political empowerment had followed the economic empowerment, which was wrong. Since then such wrong activities were going on. Therefore, under these circumstances, the womens organization searched for ways to improve the political status of women. Thereafter, there were criticism stating that it will be complicated if a big number of eligible candidates who appear are women. No one took the initiative in voting and encouraging the women representatives. Gender inequality played a major role before women entered politics. What was the situation of politics after women represented? Women organizations all over the country had protested. The major issue of the low representation of women in the elected bodies is referred to as any person who is not a member of a political party and is a layperson politically. Previously, the membership of women in political parties was exceptionally less. After opposing, women were given the liberty to join political parties according to their choice and equal the ratio of men and women. Without suitable representation of women in the legislative bodies and political participation of women, issues relating to women still exists that will be neglected. What are the opportunities of women being a representative in politics? The leadership and effective participation is increasingly on the development agenda of the government. Women play the key role and decision makers in the process across the wide range of sectors (Bacchi Eveline, 2015). Women representatives get the opportunity to demolish the problems faced by women and make the country safer for women to reside. A political women representative reaches to that level which will help them rise and empower the leadership of women. What is the recent development of women in politics? Women representatives in politics have developed over the years. Gender inequality is removed and the women are chosen as leaders therefore. The obstacles to womens political participation define the fact that women can stand for their own rights and save other women by making effective decisions (Krook, 2017). Implementation and adoption of new policies by the women representative have developed the nation as well. What are the benefits of women being a representative in politics? Women in the political system are benefitted as it they represent the community of women (Dolan, Deckman Swers, 2017). Women get the liberty and have the higher position in the society. Women representative in politics overrules the patriarchy ruling system. What are the demerits of women being a representative in politics? Being a women political representative, they exercise powers and have benefits for being in that position. Along with merits, there are demerits of women being involved in politics. They have to face many issues while protecting the women and pointing out the flaws of the nation. Although number of seats for women are reserved, but the correct eligible ones have to face trouble to acquire that seat. What is the role of women in politics across the world? The Government has the rule and power to reserve a minimum number of seats for women. Through voting procedures, women representatives are selected as a head. It is essential for women to get elected as they can represent the legislative bodies and political participation and demolish the issues or problems of women that are generally neglected. What are the factors that affect women representation in politics? When women are elected as a representative, there are certain factors that affect women in politics. The socio-cultural, religious, economic and gender roles patriarchy factors affects the growth and development of women in politics (Seierstad et al., 2017). Womens status in the political and public sector is very recent but their participation is still very low due to these reasons. These factors make women reluctant to become political candidates. The root of the issue is that women were never exposed to the ulterior world. Previously, women were only seen being involved in the household. Women were dominated by the patriarchal rule in the political system. They were never granted the freedom, which men were. Due to gender discrimination, issues related to women were neglected throughout. Gradually over the years when women were given the opportunity to speak out their decisions loudly, they had to face many challenges. Challenges like being stereotyped due to cultural and social values. Women were insulted and people spoke to them in vulgar languages. They were not trusted and criticized. Therefore, removing or demolishing these root causes will help in the growth and development of women in future. However, standing out in a male dominated society was difficult for women. Over the years, they have achieved that position. The parliament has a set of laws enacted for women and feminism. Situations have changed steadily and imp roved for women in the future general elections. The system of reserving seats for women exists in many countries (Robinson Richardson, 2015). Women still have to face issues or obstacles like scandals, economic constraints, financial issues and gender discrimination. Presently, the cultural ideas about women affect the womens levels of representation throughout the political process starting from an individual womans decision to selecting candidates to making decisions it affects. Since there is a low representation of women in politics, there have been demands for more ways to increase the women representation in the decision-making bodies. The scenario of women representation in politics has progressed over the years by breaking the monotony of patriarchal domination. Women bring an unique experience to the arena of politics (Paxton Hughes, 2015). It took decades to get rid of the gender discrimination concept and making both men and women equal in the society. Even though the level of women participation in politics is almost made equal but the number of women filing the nomination papers in the State or national is nothing compared to the number of men. However, the concerned issues have reduced a lot over the years and the thoughts of the individuals in the society have altered over the years. The evaluation made if maintained will be lead women to the top (Raicheva-Stover Ibroscheva, 2014). Women leaders in the political system will utilize the benefits of the position and make right use of it. This way the root issues will demolish completely and the women and men will be treated as equal political leaders. References: Bacchi, C., Eveline, J. (2015).Mainstreaming politics: Gendering practices and feminist theory(p. 368). University of Adelaide Press. Dolan, J., Deckman, M. M., Swers, M. L. (2017).Women and politics: Paths to power and political influence. Rowman Littlefield. Krook, M. L. (2017). Electoral Quotas and Beyond: Strategies to Promote Women in Politics. InWomen, Politics, and Democracy in Latin America(pp. 15-27). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Melanie, M. H. (2014). Contagious Representation: Women's Political Representation in Democracies around the World. Paxton, P., Hughes, M. M. (2015).Women, politics, and power: A global perspective. CQ Press. Raicheva-Stover, M., Ibroscheva, E. (Eds.). (2014).Women in politics and media: Perspectives from nations in transition. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Robinson, V., Richardson, D. (Eds.). (2015).Introducing gender and women's studies. Palgrave Macmillan. Seierstad, C., Warner-Sderholm, G., Torchia, M., Huse, M. (2017). Increasing the number of women on boards: The role of actors and processes.Journal of Business Ethics,141(2), 289-315.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Marketing Coursework

Marketing Coursework Marketing Coursework Coursework introduction should be based upon the following logic of thoughts and presentation: the rationale of the relevance of the selected marketing coursework topic, the state of scientific development of the topic, the purpose and objectives of the coursework writing, the practical importance of results, novelty, the object and purpose of the study, informational database, research methodology. It is enough to indicate the relevance of the topic, purpose and objectives of the work if you are writing a freshman-level coursework. While the marketing coursework should correspond to the academic level requirements set by your tutor. The first chapter of coursework should be theoretical and methodological. It provides the background of the topic (problem, situation, event, case study), showing the extent of its study based on a review of relevant literature. The first chapter introduces the concept and essence of the phenomenon under study. If necessary, you are welcome to use background and overview tables, graphs and statistical information. As a rule, the first chapter does not exceed 30% of the total coursework. A content of the second and subsequent chapters should be practical. You need to present independent economic, financial, statistical, and conceptual analysis of the gathered materials. Each chapter of your marketing coursework should contain a summary of its content and form a transition to the next one. Marketing coursework conclusion should sum up the whole coursework and show how problems were solved: Coursework writers should be very careful with referencing. All sources used for marketing coursework writing must be properly referenced within the text and at the end of the coursework. Bibliography must be organized in accordance with bibliographic requirements. Coursework Help Remember that your opinion must be reasonable. You have to defend your views by sufficiently convincing evidence while writing a coursework. Marketing coursework should be based on approved facts, pieces of evidence, and statistical data. Possible errors include: Lack of a comparative analysis of different points of view with links to relevant literature; Excessive citing; Lack of practical part and projections on the analysis. Marketing coursework writing is a real challenge for students of all academic levels. is available 24/7 to assist you with coursework writing. While it is a challenge for you, it is a pleasure for us to help you with marketing coursework writing. We cannot earn a diploma for you, while we are able to provide coursework help and assist you with any type of academic writing. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information on our services. We are open for cooperation based on mutual trust and respect. Read more: Computer Essay Writing Editing Paper Editing Tips MBA Essay Editing Essay Editing

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Analysis of The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

Analysis of The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour  by American author Kate Chopin is a mainstay of feminist literary study. Originally published in 1894, the story documents the complicated reaction of Louise Mallard upon learning of her husbands death. It is difficult to discuss The Story of an Hour without addressing the ironic ending. If you havent read the story yet, you might as well, as its only about 1,000 words. The Kate Chopin International Society is kind enough to provide a free, accurate version. At the Beginning, News That Will Devastate  Louise At the beginning of the story, Richards and Josephine believe they must break the news of Brently Mallards death to Louise Mallard as gently as possible. Josephine informs her in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing. Their assumption, not an unreasonable one, is that this unthinkable news will be devastating to Louise and will threaten  her weak heart. A Growing Awareness of Freedom Yet something even more unthinkable lurks in this story: Louises growing awareness of the freedom she will have without Brently. At first, she doesnt consciously allow herself to think about this freedom. The knowledge reaches her wordlessly and symbolically, via the open window through which she sees the open square in front of her house. The repetition of the word open emphasizes possibility and a lack of restrictions. Patches of Blue Sky Amid the Clouds The scene is full of energy  and hope. The trees are all aquiver with the new spring of life, the delicious breath of rain is in the air, sparrows are twittering, and Louise can hear someone singing a song in the distance. She can see patches of blue sky amid the clouds. She observes these patches of blue sky without registering what they might mean. Describing Louises gaze, Chopin writes, It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought. If she had been thinking intelligently, social norms might have prevented her from such a heretical recognition. Instead, the world offers her veiled hints that she slowly pieces together without even realizing she is doing so. A Force Is Too Powerful to Oppose In fact, Louise resists the impending awareness, regarding it fearfully. As she begins to realize what it is, she strives to beat it back with her will. Yet its force is too powerful to oppose. This story can be uncomfortable to read because, on the surface, Louise seems to be glad that her husband has died. But that isnt quite accurate. She thinks of Brentlys kind, tender hands and the face that had never looked save with love upon her, and she recognizes that she has not finished weeping for him. Her Desire for Self-Determination But his death has made her see something she hasnt seen before and might likely never have seen if he had lived: her desire for self-determination. Once she allows herself to recognize her approaching freedom, she utters the word free over and over again, relishing it. Her fear and her uncomprehending stare are replaced by acceptance and excitement. She looks forward to years to come that would belong to her absolutely. She Would Live for Herself In one of the most important passages of the story, Chopin describes Louises vision of self-determination. Its not so much about getting rid of her husband as it is about being entirely in charge of her own life, body and soul. Chopin writes: There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a will upon a fellow-creature. Note the phrase men and women. Louise never catalogs  any specific offenses Brently has committed against her; rather, the implication seems to be that marriage can be stifling for both parties. The Irony of Joy That Kills When Brently Mallard enters the house alive and well in the final scene, his appearance is utterly ordinary. He is a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. His mundane appearance contrasts greatly with Louises feverish triumph and her walking down the stairs like a goddess of Victory. When the doctors determine that Louise died of heart disease of joy that kills, the reader immediately recognizes the irony. It seems clear that her shock was not joy over her husbands survival, but rather distress over losing her cherished, newfound freedom. Louise did briefly experience joy the joy of imagining herself in control of her own life. And it was the removal of that intense joy that led to her death.

Monday, February 17, 2020

How Religions Impact Americans Politically, Socially and Economically Essay - 1

How Religions Impact Americans Politically, Socially and Economically - Essay Example On the other hand, Hinduism is practiced by an estimated 400,000 people in the United States, corresponding to about 0.2% of the population. Buddhism is also a growing religion in the country with about 0.7% of the population into it (Kosmin, 2001). Furthermore, there are about 2.7 million Muslims in the United States, forming about 0.9% of the population which is increasingly growing as a result of more Muslim immigrants seeking residency in the country. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism have developed mainly as a result of immigration of people from the Middle East and Asian countries such as India, China, and other countries in the East Asian region. Political influence is one of the most significant influences that religion has had on the United States. Many of the ideals that are held dear by the American society, such as liberty and democracy all have their roots in Christianity as practiced by the founding fathers and settlers of what would eventually become the United States (Feldman, 2005). The British North American colonies were mainly founded in the seventeenth century by escaping persecution in England. These individuals, many of who were fleeing religious persecution and sought freedom of worship, such as the Puritan settlers, developed communities which were meant to guarantee their religious freedoms and the result was that their systems of government were based on Christian values. The United States political scene, especially the presidency, has been dominated by Christians, who form approximately 70.6% of the American population (Kosmin, 2001). There are presidents, such as George Washington, John Adams and Georg e H.W. Bush, who have not only sought to enforce their ideals on the manner in which they run their administrations, but they also ensured that Christian ideals had an impact on their foreign policies. The Jewish vote in America tends to be united behind issues such as

Monday, February 3, 2020

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Research - Essay Example The wholesale and retail trading is a flouring industry in Singapore. The first quarter of 2007 registered 5.6% rise in income over the corresponding quarter of the previous year. The other three quarters also recorded significantly higher rise in income relative to that of the previous year [Table A2.7] (Central Provident Fund Board, 2008). These details indicate that the retail sector is growing in the recent years to a great extent. It is clear that there are a number of opportunities for ABC to expand its activities in the retail sector. Hence it is essential that ABC should concentrate on more number of localities in order to gain the first mover advantage (Jobber, 2004). It also has the added advantage of providing expendable items such as food products, beverages and tobacco products, in addition to the household goods. It is noticeable from the data in the Private Consumption Expenditure [Table A1.6] that there is a 4.3% increase in demand for Foods & Non-Alcoholic Beverages, 1.6% more on Clothing & Footwear, 2.2% more on Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco, 3.4% more on Furnishing, Household equipment & Maintenance (Statistics Singapore, 2008). The data on private consumption indicates that the market is growing in Singapore and that the demand for goods is increasing as people are ready to spend more on their household expenditures. The important thing to notice is that all most of the products that have shown an increase in consumption are covered by ABC mini-mart. Hence it is evident that ABC mini-mart can gain more market share by expanding its operations to other feasible locations. The ABC mini-mart has to analyze the market segments it serves in order to arrive at a conclusion on their user behaviour and expectations (Evans and Moutinho, 1999). Another important thing to be considered is their spending power (Sloman and Sutcliffe, 2004). The younger age group of Singapore, i.e., age 15 and over, are the main target market segments for ABC

Sunday, January 26, 2020

The Beginnings Of Prescriptive Rules In English

The Beginnings Of Prescriptive Rules In English This research paper traces the beginnings of prescriptive grammar in the English language. It shows how the beginning of prescriptivism is closely connected with the changes in the society of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The invention of printing press, better social mobility and better education, in one way or another helped bring English to its standard level. Prescriptive efforts of the above mentioned centuries were also helpful in codifying the English language and setting this language as the standard one. INTRODUCTION My research paper traces the beginnings of prescriptive rules in the English language. The thesis is that prescriptive rules came into existence in the nineteenth century. However, after reading above mentioned works, I discovered that its beginnings could be traced before this time. Furthermore, the other assumption is that the rise of prescriptivism has been set into motion by changes in philosophy and economy, and subsequently in society, and we shall try to prove this assumption to be right throughout this essay. Also, some of the rules most commonly known as prescriptive rules will be mentioned. PRESCRIPTIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE In this introduction we will define what prescriptive rules are, and point out its counterpart decriptivism (agreement). These terms are used in linguistics and both have (not only prescriptive and descriptive rules, but also prescriptive and descriptive grammars) avid supporters, for instance R.A. Lafferty and David Foster Wallace, respectively. In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing the usage of a particular language. These rules can cover such topics as standards for spelling and grammar or syntax, or rules regarding what is deemed socially or politically correct. Prescription includes the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining an interregional language or a standardized spelling system. It can also include declarations of what particular groups consider to be good taste. If that taste is conservative, prescription may be resistant to language change. If it is radical, prescription may be productive of neologisms. Prescription can also include recommendations for effective language usage. As already mentioned, prescriptivism has its counterpart descriptivism. Descriptive methods observe and record how language is used in practice, which is the basis of all linguistic research. scholarly descriptive work is usually based on text or corpus analysis, or on field studies. However, the term description includes each individuals observations of their own language usage. Descriptive linguistics eschews value judgments and makes no recommendations. In short, descriptive linguists do not think that something can be deemed wrong in language usage. These approaches to language are seen by many as opposites because one declares what language should be like, while the other states how language really functions in everyday society. We can also claim that they are complementary, because popular debates around language issues revolve around the question how to balance them. THE STUDY As mentioned above, my original thesis was that prescriptivism first appeared in the nineteenth century. I based this thesis on the fact that the nineteenth century, or more precisely the Victorian period, was the time of great social change, which led to greater social mobility. My interest in this period and some previous essays I wrote about the mentioned period had led me to take this stand. Studies conducted by Dr. Shadya A.N. Cole (The Rise of Prescriptivism) and Laura Wright (The Development of Standard English), made me think otherwise. Different events, historical and social, contributed to the rise of prescriptivism, which means that prescriptivism did not develop outside society. Cole states that most prescriptive rules were made between 1650 and 1800 (Cole 2003:119). This covers a big time span to consider, but this was an era that saw some of the most interesting changes take place. In that time frame, the UK witnessed change in the political arena. The absolute monarchy was transformed into constitutional monarchy  [1]  . This was the result and a sign of the growing power of the middle class. Power of the middle class could best be seen in the English Civil War (1642-1651), also known as the Puritan Revolution, and by the establishment of the Commonwealth. One of the things that also had a significant impact on the dawn of prescriptivism was the expansion of the colonies, which provided the Kingdom with vast amounts of money and resources needed for industry, and also made the middle class more affluent. All of these events led to social mobility, which was something that had not been seen before (Cole 2003: 119). The new emerging middle-class was formed and it strived for social betterment. This betterment, along with good etiquette, included language. In search of such modes of behavior, which characterized the nobility, the middle class had to look outside their own customs. It might be advisable to mention here William Caxton and the year 1476. This is the starting point of the English printing press. It carries importance because it opened the doors to vernacular works, which were designed for the middle class and nobility, and also provides a precise beginning for the tracing of orthographic reform during the late fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. One of the most important works of that time was the printing of the Bible into the vernacular language and that, consequently, opened the doors to preaching in the vernacular. Printing press, without any doubt, helped to diffuse knowledge much faster and in all levels of the society. At this point all kinds of printed material became available, from newspapers, journals, pamphlets, to books. Along with this rose the number of literate people. As commercial middle-class came into prominence, it spread literate education through wider circles of society and encouraged the study of modern foreign languages (Cole 2003: 121). The separation of the Anglican Church from the Church of Rome in 1533-34 made significant changes in the characteristics of the universities. Before, universities had been the professional schools of the clergy, but now education expended into the sciences and humanities. Latin and Greek were still the languages needed to be learnt, but demand for the English language to be taught was also growing. The demand for learning English marks a turning point. Before that time, the upper-classes insisted on their children being fluent in Greek and Latin along with French. On the other hand, with the rise of the middle-class the tide started to turn because English was getting appraisal and education was aimed at producing speakers of correct English (Cole 2003: 121). Again, this demand can be traced to the changes in the society. As the middle-class grew, two sub-classes started to emerge. Those were the more genteel merchant class and the less genteel trading class. The decisive factor in their separation was the way they spoke and wrote. Thus, the teaching of the English language became necessary for the acceptance into genteel society. Philosophy and the current way of thinking considerably impacted linguistic research. The influential new stream in philosophy was rationalism which was manifested in the tendency to attempt to settle disputes by using logic and it became dominant in the language usage. English language started to gain prominence. Variations, that had arisen through years were no longer being looked at with as great tolerance as before. Latin and Greek still carried a great importance. They were the languages on which English grammar was modeled. However, Latin had more influence over English than any other language. Latin conventions and examples were carried over into English to make it more appealing. One of the reasons for this was that Latin grammar was seen as an appropriate pattern upon which to model an English grammar (Cole 2003: 119). The early books written in English were textbooks for the instruction of a foreign language or books that provided a basis for the study of Latin. Now that books were being written for the instruction of English, the authors basically applied the same pattern as they did for Latin. Linguists were trying to force English into a linguistic mold that was no longer suitable for a living language. They wanted to have the same logi c, clarity and force in English as they had when they were using Latin. British writers were worried that English would bring chaos and instability, and would destroy the ease of communication afforded by the stable classical language. One of the early proponents of the call for the authorative regularization of English was John Dryden  [2]  . Eventually, this regularization led to the common acceptance of prescriptive outlook on the language and the rules of correctness. From what was said before regarding the new middle-class, we can conclude that the popularity of the authoritarian movement was due to the popular demand of the middle class for guidance on how to use English properly. Elizabeth Bohnert claims that the need for the proper usage of English also affected speech patterns. What she argues is that the speech patterns of the educated and aristocratic in the capital were naturally considered to be superior throughout the 16th and 17th centuries (Bohnert 2008: 1). It w as not until the age of prescriptivism that certain accents began to be considered faulty. As the middle-class increased in wealth, they desired to have the education and the manners of the ruling class. Their basic assumption was that variation in language was undesirable and printers catered to the need of the wealthy by producing various handbooks. Since material possessions no longer carried the stigma of class, the manner of speaking, pronunciation and grammar became useful in making distinctions among classes. In the late 18th century a few writers from diverse linguistic backgrounds took it upon themselves to distinguish between proper and improper pronunciation, which was a way to instruct the provincials on how to imitate the speech of Londoners. Latin influence eventually became more widespread, which decreased the freedom and individuality of English. English style and elegance reflected those of classical Latin. If there were differences found between the two languages, English was always referred to as faulty, because Latin was after all a classical language. What Latin offered was the definite rules that writers could appeal to and rely on (Cole 2003: 121). English was not reliable because it had no grammar, or at least that was the common assumption. Some writers, when writing in English, had to transform their thoughts or ideas first into Latin so that they could see what the best way of converting them into English was. Borrowing of Latin words greatly enriched English vocabulary, even though this was not something new. However, there were those who thought that such words were redundant. This led to the famous inkhorn  [3]  controversy. This controversy came at the time when English was replacing Latin as the mai n language of science and learning in England. Inkhorns were new words that were being introduced into the language by writers, often self-consciously borrowing from Classical literature. Critics regarded these words as useless as they required knowledge of Latin or Greek to be understood. They also contended that there were words with identical meaning already in English. Many of these so-called inkhorn terms, such as dismiss, celebrate, encyclopedia, or ingenious stayed in the language and are nowadays commonly used. We must stress here that even today Latin and Greek words can be found in formal and scientific writing, but as Cole said those are polysyllabic words (Cole 2003: 122). As English gained prominence, a new fear emerged among learned people. They thought that making English more linguistically rich would lead to ineloquent, imprecise, and ambiguous communication (Cole 2003: 123). The assumption was that English had no codified grammar, which made learned people uneasy, but at the same time gave them a new goal to reach to define English by a set of rules. These rules, for instance about sentence structure and world choice, would be agreed upon by all. However, usage differed very greatly because every writer had his own individual judgment on what was correct and what was not. In spite of their differences, linguists did agree on one fact, which was that English had a prior age when it was pure. It was thought that this former pure state could be restored. However, this turned to be more difficult because every writer had his own period which he considered pure. Some considered Chaucers writing as ideal, some Shakespeares or Swifts. In the 15th century there was an attempt to establish an English Academy, which would deal with linguistic problems. This academy would be modeled on the French academy. The suggestion for setting up such an institution was made by John Barret in the preface of his dictionary. The greatest proponent of this idea was Jonathan Swift. He claimed that language usage could and should be governed by an arbitrary authoritarian body (Cole 2003: 125). Likewise, this proposal brought objections. Some, like John Oldmixon (a poet), though that such an academy would impose its ideas of the language usage on others. Many contemporaries thought the same and the interest slowly waned. Nonetheless, the desire for the language to be ascertained, refined and fixed remained a popular sentiment. Now, the idea of private dictionaries came to be popular. The idea was to make a dictionary that would include all the words of English and a grammar that would detail the proper usage of such words. The two most important works were created in the second part of the 18th century: those were Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755) and Robert Lowths Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762). Decisions about what to put in a dictionary and what to exclude were based on a lexicographers ideology. And every lexicographer has got/had one. One thing that directly comes to mind while going through these linguistic beginnings is that most of the writers sought ways to petrify a language in a certain time. Almost all of them were afraid that their works would not be read by future generations because they would not know how. They could not grasp the fact that it is quite normal for a language to change through time and in contact with other languages. There were attempts for English syntax to be explained. The handbooks were the work of individuals who believed that reforms were necessary and that they were the ones to make them. Most of the reformers had no particular training or qualifications other than the belief that they had a right do declare what was right and wrong about the English language. Some of them were members of the clergy and had knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Because they were all classically trained, they forced English into a classical mold. However, there were exceptions, like Joseph Priestleys The Rudiments of English Grammar. In it Priestley recognized the usage of reputable writers as the standard for linguistic propriety. The eighteenth-century grammarians wanted to prove that English was capable of being described systematically. They did not allow any variations in usage and were strictly against any uncertainty. Many of them based their pronouncements upon their personal preferences. Whenever Latin could not settle any disputed points in the grammar, they would turn to the authority of usage. It is safe to say that they were part prescriptive and part descriptive. By the 18th century, most grammarians agreed that usage must be the factor governing correctness in language. However, they could not agree whose usage should be standard. One that seems to stand out is George Campbell. He wrote Philosophy of Rhetoric in 1776, and in it he defined English as reputable, national and present. He then explains what he means by these definitions. National means that language is neither rural nor foreign (he means Latin or French). Present usage means not the usage of the moment, but it is the usage of the recent past, which has stood the test of time. Reputable means the usage of the best writers. Some of the most notorious prescriptive rules came from this period. Examples of these are the usage of pronouns, It is I or It is me (the correct form is It is I because verb to be always has a nominative case after it). Other rules would be the difference between verbs lie and lay. Lie is a verb that does not require an object, whereas lay requires an object. Users were discouraged from using the modal verbs shall and will interchangeably. Shall should be used only with first person singular and first person plural, and will with second and third persons. The eighteenth century is responsible for the final stamp of disapproval on multiple or double negatives (Cole 2003: 138). Lowth explicitly stated the rule that two negatives are equivalent to an affirmative (We dont need no education). Another rule was that of ending a sentence with a preposition. It was John Dryden, the 17th-century poet and dramatist, who first promulgated the doctrine that a preposition may not be used at the end a sentence. Grammarians in the 18th century refined the doctrine, and the rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims of schoolroom grammar. But sentences ending with prepositions can be found in the works of most of the great writers since the Renaissance. In fact, English syntax not only allows but sometimes even requires final placement of the preposition, as in We have much to be thankful for or That depends on what you believe in. Efforts to rewrite such sentences to place the preposition elsewhere can have comical results, as Winston Churchill demonstrated when he objected to the doctrine by saying This is the sort of English up with which I cannot put. Split infinitives have been condemned as ungrammatical for nearly 200 years, but it is hard to see what exactly is wrong with saying to boldly go (The American Heritage ® Book of English Usage.). In fact, the split infinitive is distinguished both by its length of use and the greatness of its users. People have been splitting infinitives since the 14th century, and some of them include John Donne, Daniel Defoe, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Johnson, William Wordsworth, Abraham Lincoln, George Eliot and Henry James. The only rationale for condemning the construction is based on a false analogy with Latin. The belief is that because the Latin infinitive is a single word, the English infinitive should be treated as if it were a single unit. But English is not Latin, and people split infinitives all the time without giving it a thought. I have already mentioned that prescriptivism also impacted the way people spoke. By the late 19th century prescriptivism had transformed into an effort to expunge any hint of accent that would betray regional distinction, including that of London. This created an environment of linguistic anxiety. During this time the term Cockney transformed into the most condemning term for improper speech in the 19th century. It came to denote somebody who is vulgar and ignorant. The whole 19th century London was riddled with Cockneyism. Prescriptivists described the Cockneys as the prime culprits of language degeneration, and a threat to all gentility and grace. Today, many linguists agree that this were mostly scare tactics aimed at the middle-classes, whose social insecurities made them a ready market for prescriptive coercion. Some such rules governing pronunciation were /h/ dropping (improper /h / usage was associated with the uneducated and illiterate, as proper usage required a knowledge of where h was made in spelling), /h/ insertion (came about as the hypercorrection of /h/ dropping), or post-vocalic /r/. The spate of books, magazines and newspapers that began flowing to the newly developed and fast growing class of literate readers accelerated stabilization and by the beginning of the 20th century the process of standardization of English was stabile. The 20th century gave many manuals written by authors of sufficient scholarship to make those manuals authoritative. One such example is The Kings English (1906) by the Fowler brothers and this was followed by Modern English Usage (1926). CONCLUSION The most important consequence of prescriptive grammar was that people could no longer claim that English had no rules. In addition to that, the distinction between the standard and non-standard usage was made visible. Standard usage is the one we still learn in schools today. Prescriptive grammarians fixed a number of disputed usages in language, even though they started off very indecisive on what the correct form was. Grammarians of that period emphasized rules that are still highly regarded today. Rules like the usage of pronouns I and me, double negation, or splitting the infinitive. After the invention of the printing press, English was promoted as a common language and some attempts at assigning formal structures to the language began to appear. Prescriptive rules have their ultimate justification in the communitys need to make their language meaningful. By making it meaningful, linguists tried to mirror English on the languages they thought were the most appropriate. They thought that classical languages were the best choice. In the end this led to some outrageous rules. The rule against split infinitives, for instance, is a consequence of the peculiar fact that English grammar is modeled on Latin even though Latin is a synthetic language and English is an analytic language. Nevertheless, the linguist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries helped lead English into a codified and standard position by showing that it had grammar and rules that need to be obeyed.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Mapping an Argument

Mapping an Argument Kimberly Williams CRT/205 11/11/2012 University of Phoenix Mapping an Argument What is the Issue? I have decided to read about the Traditional newspapers are becoming extinct. The issue with this is the cost of the newspapers going up and how the Internet is taking over the place of the newspaper. People are now depending on the Internet for their sources instead of the newspapers. The competition-deflecting effects of printing cost got destroyed by the Internet. The newspaper people often note that newspapers benefit society as a whole, but it is getting so expensive to keep newspapers running.The imperatives to strengthen journalism and to strengthen newspapers have been so tightly wound as to be indistinguishable. They are trying to find ways to strengthen the ways of newspapers. â€Å"Save newspapers† to â€Å"save society† is the big issue of this article. The other issue is to keep the newspapers from becoming extinct. The other article that I read about was the Veterans Administration health care not being readily available in rural areas. The issues of this article were the increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans.Also anther issue for the veterans was the long distances it is a huge problem for most of them. Long distances and restrictive rules have become an issue for the veterans and they have also become very obstacles to health care for many of them. Rural veterans have other problems with this also. The health care needs of rural veterans and managing the money for expanding care. In addition, oversight of rural health care programs was ineffective. There are so many issues with their heath care needs they are trying to fix them. What are the stated and unstated premises?The stated and unstated premises for Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct are that the newspaper industry has been fighting for its life since the beginning of the digital age, and also journalism will surv ive without newspapers. Strategizing to survive the on Internet was also one of the stated premises for this article and the unstated premise for this was that they never really stated how they were going to fight and keep the newspapers going in a way that the papers can still be running and people can still use the Internet for sources also.The stated premises for the Veterans Administration Health Care is that the VA has increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans. Long distances are a problem for many veterans is a stated premise that was in the article, and also veterans had to fight very hard to get every dollar that they could. Suicides among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans have reached record levels because of the heath care and the long distance that have caused problems for them. The unstated premises that weren’t listed that I could find was why most of the veterans did not feel that they had to enroll in a health care plan.What was the reason that they never wanted to enroll and what could the VA have done to help the veterans want to enroll in the heath care plan, what type of jobs did they do to help those that had problems with the long distance? These are some unstated premise that I feel should have been put into the article. What is the conclusion? The conclusion on the Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct is a plan and a strategy to survive the Internet, and trying to figure out how they can use the newspaper and the Internet without having to stop the use of one of them.They needed a plan how to deal with the Internet. A way for the newspaper to grow unsteady of shirking how to improve the newspaper in away the public would enjoy its use and continue to want to read it unsteady of using the internet. And a way to keep it up and running because the newspaper is coming so expensive to keep it up and running also way to have respected for people when written about a person in the newspaper. The conclu sion on the Veterans Administration Health Care is that the VA needs to find a way to make the veterans want to and enjoy the ability to have VA health care.Furthermore, the VA needs to find A way to make health care available for all of the veterans to have it, and afford the heath care. The VA needs to have rules for veterans heath care so the distance that the veterans live from the nearest facility shouldn’t be a problem. Improving the health care for the veterans is the conclusion for this article. They need to find a way that health care can be provided for all of our veterans because they deserve it. To ensure veterans receive the health care and benefits they have earned.To make a way for the veterans to be seen by out-of-network doctor if the same care is available within the system even if it’s more convenient for them there should be away for them to see what every doctor is available for them at the present time. They need to improve the health care for the veterans. Content and Development 35 Points| Points Earned33/35| | Additional Comments:| All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. * 350 to 700 words * Examines 2 articles from Opposing Viewpoints in Context * Provides substantive explanations to the following questions: * What is the issue? What are the stated and unstated premises? * What is the conclusion? | Paper addresses two of the assigned articles in a contemplative manner. The paper identifies the issue, premises, and conclusion in an adequate way. Although most points are clear, a few are vague. See notes above. | The content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. | | Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically. | | | | Readability and Style 10 Points| Points Earned6/10| | Additional Comments:| The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. | Tone is informative.The writing in this paper has several issues: w ordiness, fragments (incomplete sentences), and vagueness. I've highlighted several examples above and suggested revisions. | Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. | | Sentences are well constructed, strong, and varied. | | Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. | | | | Mechanics 5 Points| Points Earned3/5| | Additional Comments:| The assignment—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page— is consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Layout is effective and aids readability. Several mechanical corrections are noted. Citations and references have not been included. It is essential to cite and reference non-original sources correctly. Refer to the formatting guidelines in the Associate Level Writing Style Handbook. | Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. | | Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. | | Spelling is correct. | | Late Penalty – 10% per day up to 2 days| | Total 50 Points| Total Earned42/50| Overall Comments:Hi Kimberly,Thank you so much for turning in this assignment.You have offered a competent mapping of the articles. You have generally identified the issues, premises, and conclusions and offered a substantive explanation for each. Your post is addresses all points in the assignment. Better organization of the writing would have strengthened the paper. Several mechanical and formatting changes are present. See comments above and in the text for specifics. Good work on this assignment! I hope this assignment has helped you clarify concepts relating to analyzing arguments to identify the issues, premises, and conclusions. |

Friday, January 10, 2020

Top Argumentitive Essay Topics Choices

Top Argumentitive Essay Topics Choices Argumentitive Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? The academic attainment is dependent on several issues like money spent on schooling, the variety of kids in a course, time spent on a subject and teaching practices. Our crew of professional writers with the crucial experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. Finding out how to compose an essay is something which will help students not just in their school and college career, but throughout their life too. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. The Meaning of Argumentitive Essay Topics If you wish to ease your tension of trying to find hours and hours for easy essays topic selection then you've reached at the appropriate place. To write a terrific argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stan ce. In high school and middle school, you aren't necessarily predicted to compose large, serious argument essays. At that stage, you can begin writing full length practice essays. Finding the most suitable arguments will allow you to prove your point and win. Be sure to spell out in what way the answers to the questions would help to rate the conclusion. Simple but intriguing topics will do, and you need to just demonstrate you know what an argument essay is and the way to develop and format one. Gossip, Deception and Argumentitive Essay Topics At precisely the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a very good cause and effect essay topic. If you would like to turn to important topics which affect the whole of society, social issues are genuinely an inexhaustible field. If you'd like to help your son or daughter understand how causal relationships work, you can get some beneficial cause and effect worksheets here. The individual grading your paper will likely appreciate how you deviated from the norm. The One Thing to Do for Argumentitive Essay Topics Argumentative research paper topics are a ton a lot easier to find than to produce. Argumentative writings is a particular sort of a paper. An essay contains three big components, 1. No matter the quantity or kind of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that needs to be completed in light of your work. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other things essential for the high-quality essay. The procedure for translation is known as mathematical modelling. The History of Argumentitive Essay Topics Refuted The essay writing must be carried out in a well-planned and structured way. In the end, towards the conclusion of your conclusion, you can reflect on the way in which the essay compares to something else such as modern occasions or the future. There are a few commonalities across each of the essay prompts on the GRE Argument pool page, even past the fact which each task asks you to take a look at some type of argument and analyze it. Inspiratio n to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. The author should consider vocabulary and concepts which are appropriate to the audience. So, the choice of the topic is most important. The writing process is going to be a pleasure, and your reader will delight in reading your bit of academic writing. The Ideal Approach to Argumentitive Essay Topics Thus, writing a history paper will surely be fun, if you simply choose a really intriguing history essay topic. Scientific inventions weren't made. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! It should also be the one that gives the students enough to write on. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Now you are prepared to produce your very own argumentative topics. The best way to success requires a lot of time and energy. Thus, attempt to think about the answer even before you take a look at the a variety of choices given under the question. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Spoiled Or Mislead The Affluenza Defense - 1626 Words

Spoiled or Mislead? The Affluenza Defense In January of 2015, student athlete Brock Turner sexually assaulted an intoxicated, unconscious woman. In June of 2016, Turner was sentenced to a mere six months in prison. The reasoning of such a short sentence being it would have a â€Å"severe impact on him, [and his father argued that] a kid’s life shouldn’t be ruined†¦because of 20 minutes of action†(Dockterman 2). This argument is one that is often brought up in recent culture. Teens or young adults who are convicted of crimes such as sexual assault, driving under intoxication, or other similar types of crimes are often let off the hook. This defense used is known as â€Å"Affluenza†, or, as defined by Matt Gutman of ABC News, the idea of being â€Å"too spoiled by [one’s] parents to know right from wrong†(Gutman 2). The â€Å"Affluenza† defense is a greatly debated one. Those who argue in favor of the affluenza defense often make arguments along the lines of a spoiled lif e causing a child to not see consequences of their actions. Along these lines, they argue that if the children don’t see what their outcome may be, and they carry out negative, harmful, illegal action, their life shouldn’t be ruined based off of the one bad decision. Those who believe in affluenza think that these young people can be steered straight, and these moments can be used as teaching experiences. However, others do not agree in the validity of the Affluenza defense. Those with this perspective also make the argument